1302 FINAL EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE1. What happened to Black soldiers who were involved with French women during WWI?—Many Black soldiers in stevedore units (ship loading and unloading facilities) at base ports had married French women. The military gave them the unenviable choice of being discharged in France to stay with their wives or returning home by themselves. This surprised the soldiers since they had been taught that the war was fought for the brotherhood of mankind. Some of the men remained in France, but most returned to the United States.2. What was the name of the Black infantry which won the French medal for bravery (include the name of the medal)?—The 369th Infantry Regiment won the Croix de Guerre for bravery at the Meuse-Argonne.3. What was the Committee on Public Information (CPI)?—Created in 1917 by President Wilson and headed by progressive journalist George Creel, this organization rallied support for American involvement in WWI through art, advertising, and film. Creel worked out a system of voluntary censorship with the press and distributed colorful posters and pamphlets. The CPI’s Division of Industrial Relations rallied labor to help the war effort.4. Did President Wilson disagree with the vigilantism (repression) sparked by super-patriotism? What three Acts did he support and how did they work?—Rather than curbing the vigilantism (repression), Wilson encouraged it. At his request, Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917, which imposed sentences of up to twenty years in prison for persons found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mails materials that incited treason or insurrection. The Trading-with-the-Enemy Act of 1917 authorized the government to censor the foreign language press. In 1918, Congress passed the Sedition Act, imposing harsh penalties on anyone using “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language” about the government, flag, or armed forces uniforms.
