Calculate rate of natural increase from birth and death rates, and mathematically demonstrate the effects of age-sex composition on a population.

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  • A student reading this chapter will be able to:
  • 1. Define the attributes of populations including birth and death rates, growth rate, density, and mobility (immigration and emigration).
  • 2. Calculate rate of natural increase from birth and death rates, and mathematically demonstrate the effects of age-sex composition on a population.

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

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Objectives for this Chapter

  • 3. Define biotic potential and maximum growth rate, and list the various limits to growth
  • 4. Identify, list, and explain the population growth forms.
  • 5. Recognize and explain the concept of population explosion with respect to complete and incomplete demographic transition. Define population implosion and discuss the conditions that lead to this phenomena.

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

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Objectives for this Chapter

  • 6. Explain the role of urbanization in influencing sustainability of populations.
  • 7. Explain global population projections and differentiate between developed and lesser developed countries with respect to those projections.
  • 8. List and discuss the various options for fertility control methods, while contrasting the effectiveness, risks, and benefits of each type.

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

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LIVING WITH THE EARTH

HUMAN POPULATION

INTRODUCTION

  • Understanding the dynamics of human populations is a first order of business in beginning the study of environmental health.
  • There is growing realization that surging populations, environmental degradation, and ethnic conflict are strongly intertwined.

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

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LESSER DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

  • Overpopulation, infectious disease, unprovoked crime, few resources, and the influx of more refugees, increases the erosion of nation-states leading to the empowerment of private armies, security firms and international drug cartels.

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

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LESSER DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

  • This is a vision of the early 21st century in many parts of the lesser developed countries (LDCs), and threatens to expand along with the growth of human populations.

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONS

  • Species
  • A species is normally considered to be a group of organisms that can breed together with the production of a viable and fertile offspring.
  • Different species not only have differing physical attributes, but they also differ in the population characteristics.

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

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Population

  • A population is considered to be the breeding group for an organism.
  • Each population has characteristics that help to identify it.
  • Some of these characteristics are birth rate, death rate, rate of natural increase, age distribution, and sex ratio.

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

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Birth Rate

  • Birth rate refers to the number of individuals added to a population through reproduction (live births) and is normally expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 population (counting the population at the midpoint of the year)(Fig. 2-1).

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

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Death Rate

  • Death rate is also similarly calculated using total deaths divided by the mid-year total population (Fig. 2-1).

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore

HUMAN POPULATION – Moore