Which layer is the oldest? How do you know?

1. Which layer is the oldest? How do you know?

3. Notice the fractures (cracks) that cut across the lava flow layer. Are they older or younger than the lava flow? How do you know?

4. Notice that clasts (broken pieces) of the lava flow are included in the brown soil. Are they older or younger than the brown soil? How do you know?

Activity 8.1C –Question 1 no need to submit the figure to show your tracing of the contacts (Page 218)

1. Using a pen, trace two of the contacts between layers of the red sandstone as well as you can. Assuming that the red sandstone layers were originally horizontal, what may have caused them to be folded in this way?

Activity 8.3A – (Page 221)

A. Analyze this fossiliferous rock from New York.