Evaluate the best projections for a specific geographic area

Distinguish between Geographic Coordinate Systems and Projections

Calculate/Convert Latitude and Longitude coordinates into different forms

Assign projections to different geographic areas based on location and geographic extent

Differentiate between different kinds of projection families

Become familiar with the effects of different projections (distortions of size, shape, distance, and direction) – particularly the Mercator projection.

Learning Outcomes for Quantitative Literacy:

Understand quantitative models that describe real world phenomena and recognize limitations of those models;

Perform simple mathematical computations associated with a quantitative model and make conclusions based on the results;

Recognize, use, and appreciate mathematical thinking for solving problems that are part of everyday life;

Understand the various sources of uncertainty and error in empirical data;

Retrieve, organize, and analyze data associated with a quantitative model; and

Communicate logical arguments and their conclusions.

Part I – Displaying Different Projections

Please navigate to http://projections.mgis.psu.edu/.

This site allows you view the entire Earth surface, or portions of the Earth surface, using a variety of map projections.

Introduction to Projections

Please watch this video for a general background of projections

WHAT IS A PROJECTION AND WHAT DOES IT DO?

Projections are a mathematical conversion of the globe from a 3D roundish surface (geoid) into a 2D map.

The earth is a real place with a roundish shape. All maps were once globes. They all metamorphasized from globes to maps. This transformation has effects on consequences for the how the map looks/appears/does

This transformation distorts four properties: shape, area, distance, and direction.

Depending on what projection you pick (at the world scale) at least one of these qualities will be distorted.

WHAT PROJECTION SHOULD I PICK?

Pick a projection based on

a) the size of the area we are mapping

b) the location of the area we are mapping

c) the properties of the map we want to preserve

This lab is an exercise in identifying, manipulating, and choosing between projections. Which projections are there? Which one is best for what kind of map you are trying to make?

There can be no maps without projections – manipulate them to best communicate your message and execute your purpose.

WHATS UP WITH THE WEIRD GRID LINES ON THE DIFFERENT PROJECTIONS?